Manual page

You may use either, they both do the same thing. One advantage of using long hand is that it can be easier for you to remember what your commands are doing. One advantage of using shorthand is that you can chain multiple together easier. As you can see, long hand command line options begin with two dashes -- and short hand options begin with a single dash -. When we use a single dash we may invoke several options by placing all the letters representing those options together after the dash.

There are a few instance where a particular option requires an argument to go with it and those options generally have to be placed separately along with their corresponding argument. Don't worry too much about these special cases for now though. We'll point them out as we encounter them. Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. Contact Disclaimer.

Linux Tutorial - 4. Manual Pages Tutorial Sections Introduction 1. The Command Line 2. Basic Navigation 3. More About Files 4. Manual Pages 5.

File Manipulation 6. VI - Text Editor 7. Wildcards 8. Permissions 9. Filters Depending on the market in which you are going to sell your product, you might need to translate the user manual. In general, a user manual should be available in a format that is easily accessible to the user. That can be printed, or used online or on-device.

In the European Union, for some product groups, it is still restricted to provide the user manual printed with the product. However, as of April , the instructions of many product groups may be delivered in a different format rather than in print. There is one exception, however. Safety information shall still be delivered in paper form along with the product. Besides that, upon request from a consumer, a paper user manual should be made available to the consumer.

The best part of all this is that you can get the same results as Philip did by following this step-by-step process on how to create a user manual. And he did this without any knowledge of technical writing. The results are as follows: A manual that enables 1st run of product to ship on time with no delays and passing customs without any problems.

I have listed this information below. What is the definition of a user manual? Other names, or other forms of a user manual, might be: User guide Technical documentation Instruction manual Operational manual Training manual Quick Start Guide Installation manual Maintenance manual Software manual Besides the primary goal of a user manual to assist a user , secondary goals could be creating a better user experience and meeting legal requirements.

What information should be in a user manual? Based on the first template for Philip, we have developed templates for the following product groups: Medical Devices Toys Machinery Electronics What formats does a user manual have? Through the following links you can download a user manual sample for documentation: IKEA installation instructions Jura user manual Step 2 Identify the User s of Your User Manual Template Ok, so now Philip has some basic knowledge about user manuals.

Is the product used professionally or mainly privately? What other technical experiences do they have? What describes the user? I have created a template that contains the questions. I asked Philip to fill out the template.

I did this for Philip. If the problem is too complex, you could break it down into chunks. Action: To define the structure of your user manual: Copy the content from the Lifecycle [product name] tab to the ToC [product name] tab. On the ToC [product name] tab , replace product name with your own product name. Add a column to the left. If applicable, organize your sections logically. Determine what topics will become chapters by adding chapter numbers.

We will add some more chapters in the next step. Determine what topics will become paragraphs by adding the section numbers. Determine what topics will become sub-paragraphs by adding the subsection numbers.

Step 5 Create Meaningful Headings Each topic in the user manual gets its own heading. So, Philip has just created the sub- titles for his topics. I asked Philip to redirect his headings and to take notice of the following general guidelines: Use the structure as shown above for the first, second and third level heading.

Make sure the headings are self-explanatory. Make sure that the heading covers the full topic. If the section covers the maintenance and repair of a product, the heading Maintenance would be incomplete. If possible, try to omit articles at the beginning of headings Action: Write new headings for your ToC entries.

Step 6 Determine the Legal Content Dependent on the market where your product is placed in or put into service, and dependent on the product group your product belongs to, specific legislation applies to your product.

How to Create Compliant Manuals for the EU How to Create Compliant Manuals for the US Philip didn't need to conduct these steps, as the template he used already contained the legal content as required by the relevant directives.

The user manual should describe the intended use of the product. The user manual should describe the reasonably foreseen unintended use of the product. If applicable, non-compliance in residential areas should be mentioned. If the product is too small this can be placed in the user manual. The name, registered trade name or registered trademark and the postal address should be mentioned on the product.

A risk analysis should be conducted to determine the residual risks related to the use of the product. Safety information shall be provided in order to inform the user of measures to be taken.

WEEE information shall be included Information on packaging waste shall be included. The user manual template complies with this standard. Study the IEC checklist to ensure your manual complies with the standard. Action: To adjust the user manual template: If you want to work with the free template: Download the free user manual template Word or Change the section headings according to your own ToC.

Do not adjust the Table of Contents. The table of contents can be updated automatically once you have adjusted the section headings.

Add the mandatory content as determined in step 6 of your manual. If applicable, modify sections and the appendices according to your own needs. The international standard for user instructions, the IEC , provides the following definition for the intended use: An exhaustive range of functions or foreseen applications defined and designed by the supplier of the product By describing the intended use you determine the safe envelope of the product.

Action: write the intended use and the reasonably foreseeable misuse of your product. Write the safety warnings based on the risk analysis Even though the intended use has now been clearly defined, this does not mean that using a product is completely without any risks. According to this method, there is the following hierarchy of risk-reducing measures: Inherently safe design measures Safeguarding and complementary protective measures Information for use This means that the user guide should warn of any residual risks related to the use of the product.

BUY NOW A good safety warning describes the nature of a hazardous situation, the consequences of not avoiding a hazardous situation and the method s for avoiding it. In the first part of the specific section: Embedded in a procedure: 1. In the Preface any supplemental directives can be placed, such as Read all instructions before use or Keep these instructions for future reference can be placed in the introduction of a user manual.

In order to help Philip create and place a safety message, I have created another template. Create all other content Now I asked Philip to create all other content, such as the procedures, technical specs and legal information.

I gave the following tips: Exclude unnecessary material to avoid information overload for example sales promotion, extensive repetition etc.

Make sure terms are familiar to the user, technical features and terms are well explained and use terms consistently. Describe any prerequisites that should be met before the actual instructions start. This may also be describing special tools or space for maintenance and repair. Provide conceptual information when information is necessary for adequate understanding and execution of tasks.

Always write topic based. Use a bold typeface for all product elements. Use a style guide to help you write and format documentation in a clearer way. Indicate when you want to add an image for better understanding later. Make sure words and phrases are not too complicated or over-sophisticated. Use the direct active voice and assertive commands. Use words like nouns and verbs consistently to avoid ambiguity.

Action: create all other content for your user manual. Place the safety warnings in the right position When using the template for crafting the safety messages, I asked Philip to indicate whether a safety message is a supplemental directive, or should be placed as a grouped, section or embedded safety message.

Now all text has been created, the safety messages can be placed in the right place. Action: place all safety messages in the right location in the user manual.

Step 9 Add Navigation to Your User Manual Template A user manual should give assistance to people by providing information about how to use a product. Action: Add or update your table of contents, page numbering and index. Step 10 Have Your User Manual Reviewed Philip has now created the draft version of his user manual, using the user manual template.

Step 11 Create the Images Once the user manual has been reviewed and optimized, the texts are more or less definite.

There are many great tools that can help you create your images, such as: Snagit or Adobe Photoshop for editing screenshots or photos Solidworks Composer or Google Sketchup for creating line drawings Lucidchart or Microsoft Visio for diagrams and schematics I advised Philip not to use photos as a cheap alternative for illustrations.

For that reason, Philip used Google Sketchup to create his illustrations. Action: Create the images for your user manual. If you want to know more about creating images: Using text, images or video Creating IKEA-ish manuals Step 12 Final Check of the User Manual Template Before we start making it look nice and translate the content, we want to be sure that the content is complete.

For paired-end reads in the forward-reverse orientation, the first read is mapped to forward strand of the reference and the second read to the reverse stand. Heap merge is faster for short reads, but slower for long reads. The mate related fields in SAM are still properly populated. In the splice mode, the second gap penalties are not used. If the drop of score is above INT2 , minimap2 will reverse complement the query in the related region and align again to test small inversions.

Minimap2 truncates alignment if there is an inversion or the drop of score is greater than INT1. Decrease INT2 to find small inversions at the cost of performance and false positives. Increase INT1 to improves the contiguity of alignment at the cost of poor alignment in the middle.

It is the score of the max scoring segment in the alignment and may be different from the total alignment score. This trend is evolutionarily conservative, all the way to S. Specifying this option generally leads to higher junction accuracy by several percents, so it is applied by default with --splice. This option reduces accuracy. With this option, minimap2 prefers splicing in annotations. This option is only effective with --splice. It helps to avoid tiny terminal exons. Set 0 to disable [m].

Set 0 to disable [0]. Minimap2 outputs in PAF by default. This option makes minimap2 SAM compatible with older tools. STR can be either short or long. If no STR is given, short is assumed. Minimap2 hashes INT and read name when choosing between equally best hits. Apply this option to use one thread for input and another thread for output, at the cost of increased peak RAM. A large NUM helps load balancing in the multi-threading mode, at the cost of increased memory.

Warning: some paftools. This option applies multiple options at the same time. It should be applied before other options because options applied later will overwrite the values set by -x.

This is the default mode. Miscellaneous options --no-kalloc Use the libc default allocator instead of the kalloc thread-local allocator. This debugging option is mostly used with Valgrind to detect invalid memory accesses.

Minimap2 runs slower with this option, especially in the multi-threading mode. Use homopolymer-compressed HPC minimizers. Save the minimizer index of target.